{"id":5117,"date":"2022-04-06T12:33:30","date_gmt":"2022-04-06T12:33:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/physics.educour.in\/isc-physics\/?p=5117"},"modified":"2022-07-02T16:01:32","modified_gmt":"2022-07-02T16:01:32","slug":"electrostatics-introduction","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/physics.educour.in\/isc-physics\/electrostatics-introduction\/","title":{"rendered":"Electrostatics Introduction"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"5117\" class=\"elementor elementor-5117\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1591d4e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1591d4e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-080c785\" data-id=\"080c785\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-06b47a7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"06b47a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1><span style=\"color: #000080;\">Behaviour of Charges at Rest<\/span><\/h1>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-4119349 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4119349\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-236be0c\" data-id=\"236be0c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-332afca elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"332afca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">The branch of physics which deals with electric effect of static charge is called electrostatics.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-044f8e2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"044f8e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3><span style=\"color: #000080;\">Electric Charge<\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bd75551 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bd75551\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Electric charge is an intrinsic characteristics of the fundamental particles which when acquired by some body it gets electrified, i.e. Charge of a material body or particle is the property (acquired or natural) due to which it produces and experiences electrical and magnetic effects. Some of naturally charged particles are electron, proton, a-particle etc.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca37e8e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ca37e8e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Only two types of charge has been discovered :<\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">1.Positive charge that is present on the proton .<\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">2. Negetive charge present on the electrons .<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-55dd304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"55dd304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3><span style=\"color: #000080;\">Methods of Charging of a Body<\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-ff6738c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ff6738c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcc71ae\" data-id=\"dcc71ae\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7520caa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7520caa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>1.Charging by friction (frictional electricity):<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c5cc84 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8c5cc84\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">When two bodies are rubbed firmly against one another, due to the friction between the surfaces, electrons are transferred from one body to the other. In this process the bodies aquire equal and opposite charges. The cause of charging in this case is due to the transfer of electrons from a material whose work function is lower to the material whose work function is higher.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ea6fcc2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ea6fcc2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"background-color: transparent; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\" 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alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-95f363e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"95f363e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>2.Charging by induction:<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-7c99900 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7c99900\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-73b4b33\" data-id=\"73b4b33\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70d468f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"70d468f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Charging a body by putting it close to another oppositely charged body (without bringing any actual contact).The positive charge is gained by the body due to transfer of electrons from the body to earth and negetive charge is due to the gain of electrons .If the body is made of an insulating material, instead of metal, the of method of producing a net charge by induction does not work, because very little charge can actually flow from the insulating material to the ground.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-617bf6c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"617bf6c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<img decoding=\"async\" style=\"background-color: transparent; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,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\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-ffe135d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ffe135d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-71837fd\" data-id=\"71837fd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-530d39b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"530d39b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>3.Charging by Contact (conduction):<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-52927ae elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"52927ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">When an uncharged body is brought in contact with another charged body ,it (the former) acquires the charge due to the transfer of electron from one body to another.Charge is not equally distributed. It is distributed directly proportional to the capacitance of the bodies in contact.<\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Thus a net charge is generated on a body only when the body either looses or gains electrons.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-f21535e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f21535e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-9ec8fc7\" data-id=\"9ec8fc7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ab8fc18 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ab8fc18\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><img decoding=\"async\" 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alt=\"\"><\/p>\n<gwmw style=\"display:none;\"><\/gwmw>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-33131b0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"33131b0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-c4d90e2\" data-id=\"c4d90e2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-750bd30 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"750bd30\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>4. Charging by Thermionic emission:<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1899515 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1899515\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">When the metal is heated at a high temperature then some electrons of metals are ejected. The metal gets positively charged.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-827911d\" data-id=\"827911d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33cba95 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"33cba95\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"background-color: transparent; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\" 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alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-ecd602b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ecd602b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-4593953\" data-id=\"4593953\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b70cd0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2b70cd0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #000080;\"><strong>5. Charging by Photoelectric effect :<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d7607ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d7607ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">When light of sufficiently high frequency is incident on metal surface then some electrons come out and metal gets positively charged.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-655d232\" data-id=\"655d232\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a60091 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a60091\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"background-color: transparent; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\" 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\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-e5dccd7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e5dccd7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-1133179\" data-id=\"1133179\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c880907 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c880907\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>6. Charging by Field emission :<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e5ce367 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e5ce367\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">When electric field of large magnitude is applied near the metal surface then some electrons come out from the metal surface and hence the metal gets positively charged.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-0ebdbc4\" data-id=\"0ebdbc4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-938978f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"938978f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"background-color: transparent; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,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\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d6506c9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d6506c9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>Finally, what conclusion we derive from these charging methods?<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e0be754 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e0be754\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #ff6600;\"><strong><em>&#8220;Charge is generated on a body, only because to the transfer of electrons from one body to another&#8221;.<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-fba58d9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fba58d9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-64ff10f\" data-id=\"64ff10f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9818f8d elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"9818f8d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;vimeo&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t<iframe class=\"elementor-video-iframe\" allowfullscreen allow=\"clipboard-write\" title=\"vimeo Video Player\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/543894456?color&amp;autopause=0&amp;loop=0&amp;muted=0&amp;title=0&amp;portrait=0&amp;byline=0#t=\"><\/iframe>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93b3ee1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"93b3ee1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">What is Charge? &#8211; Video Lecture<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-3bfc406\" data-id=\"3bfc406\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71ff16d elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"71ff16d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;vimeo&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t<iframe class=\"elementor-video-iframe\" allowfullscreen allow=\"clipboard-write\" title=\"vimeo Video Player\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/543896249?color&amp;autopause=0&amp;loop=0&amp;muted=0&amp;title=0&amp;portrait=0&amp;byline=0#t=\"><\/iframe>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22361f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22361f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Fundamental Properties of Charge<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0bffb2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0bffb2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-479d0de\" data-id=\"479d0de\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-422aa58 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"422aa58\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><span style=\"color: #000080;\">Fundamentals Properties of Charge<\/span><\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0a03d6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0a03d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>1.Charge is transferable :<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ff3037 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4ff3037\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Charging a body implies transfer of charge (electrons) from one body to another. Positively charged body means loss of electrons, i.e., deficiency of electrons. Negatively charged body means excess of electrons. This also shows that mass of a negatively charged body is more than mass of a positively charged identical body.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d7043e5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d7043e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>2.Charge is always associated with mass<\/strong> :<\/span><\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cfa232a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cfa232a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Charge can not exist without mass though mass can exist without charge. The particle such as photon or neutrino which have no (rest) mass can never have a charge. As charge can not exist without mass, the presence of charge itself is a convincing proof of existence of mass.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b8fd9d4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b8fd9d4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>3. Principle of Quantisation of charge :<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63d7e22 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"63d7e22\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Net amount of charge present on a body is integral multiple of electronic charge.<\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">i.e.\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <strong>\u00a0q = n e<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">where n =\u00b1 1, \u00b12, \u00b13, \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026 and e = 1.6 \u00d7 10<sup>-19<\/sup> C<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ccacfc2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ccacfc2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">(Millikan\u2019s oil drop experiment proved the quantization of charge)<\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Note :<\/strong> Recently, the existence of particles of charge -e\/3(down quark) and +2e\/3 (up quark) has been postulated. These particles are called quarks, but still this is not considered as the quantum of charge because these are unstable (They have very short span of life).<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd4ceca elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd4ceca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>4. Principle of Conservation of Charge:<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-acd84f3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"acd84f3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">The total amount of charge present in an isolated system remains constant.<\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">( The charge may however be transformed from one part of the system to another.)<\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">For example in case of alpha decay:<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><sub>92<\/sub>U<sup>238<\/sup> \u2192<sub> 90<\/sub>TH<sup>234<\/sup>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 + <sub>2<\/sub>He<sup>4<\/sup> (Process of alpha decay)<\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">[Q = 92e] \u2192 [Q<sub>1<\/sub> = 90e] + [Q<sup>2<\/sup> = 2e]<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d954ff1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d954ff1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>5. Aditivity of Charges:<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d36d0d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1d36d0d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">The total charge on a body is the algebraic sum of all the charges located any where on the body.<\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">i.e. while taking the sum of the charges ,their signs (\u00b1)must be taken into account. This is because Charge is a scalar quantity.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d3e4c42 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d3e4c42\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">* Like point charges repel each other while unlike point charges attract each other.<\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">* A charged body may attract a neutral body or an oppositely charged body but it always repels a similarly charged body.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c355901 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c355901\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Note : Repulsion is a sure test of electrification whereas attraction may not be.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-21695e0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"21695e0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>If two particles are attracting one another due to electrostatic force, there are two possibilities: (i) both the particles are charged with charges of opposite sign.<\/p><p>(ii) One of the particle is charged and other is uncharged.<\/p><p>But, if the particles repel one another, we infer that the particles are definitely oppositely charged.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-809cd32 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"809cd32\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-9435eba\" data-id=\"9435eba\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Behaviour of Charges at Rest The branch of physics which deals with electric effect of static charge is called electrostatics. Electric Charge Electric charge is an intrinsic characteristics of the fundamental particles which when acquired by some body it gets electrified, i.e. Charge of a material body or particle is the property (acquired or natural) &#8230; <a title=\"Electrostatics Introduction\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/physics.educour.in\/isc-physics\/electrostatics-introduction\/\" aria-label=\"More on Electrostatics Introduction\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"post_folder":[40],"class_list":["post-5117","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-12-lecture-notes"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/physics.educour.in\/isc-physics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5117","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/physics.educour.in\/isc-physics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/physics.educour.in\/isc-physics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/physics.educour.in\/isc-physics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/physics.educour.in\/isc-physics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5117"}],"version-history":[{"count":30,"href":"https:\/\/physics.educour.in\/isc-physics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5117\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5929,"href":"https:\/\/physics.educour.in\/isc-physics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5117\/revisions\/5929"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/physics.educour.in\/isc-physics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5117"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/physics.educour.in\/isc-physics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5117"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/physics.educour.in\/isc-physics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5117"},{"taxonomy":"post_folder","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/physics.educour.in\/isc-physics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/post_folder?post=5117"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}