{"id":8158,"date":"2022-08-24T05:23:05","date_gmt":"2022-08-24T05:23:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/physics.educour.in\/isc-physics\/?page_id=8158"},"modified":"2022-08-24T05:57:13","modified_gmt":"2022-08-24T05:57:13","slug":"thermodynamics-class-11-isc-physics","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/physics.educour.in\/isc-physics\/thermodynamics-class-11-isc-physics\/","title":{"rendered":"Thermodynamics class 11 ISC Physics"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Thermodynamics<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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This chapter includes:<\/h4>

  1. Thermodynamics<\/h4><\/li>

  2. Isothermal & Adiabatic Process<\/h4><\/li>

  3. Heat Engine : Second Law of Thermodynamics<\/h4><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    ISC SYLLABUS – Thermodynamics<\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Thermal equilibrium and definition of temperature (zeroth law of thermodynamics), heat, work and internal energy. First law of thermodynamics.\u00a0<\/p>

    Isothermal and adiabatic processes.\u00a0<\/p>

    Second law of thermodynamics: reversible and irreversible processes, Heat engine and refrigerator.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    (a) Thermal equilibrium and zeroth law of thermodynamics: Self explanatory.<\/p>

    (b) First law of thermodynamics.\u00a0Concept of heat (Q) as the energy that is
    transferred (due to temperature\u00a0difference only) and not stored; the\u00a0energy that is stored in a body or system\u00a0as potential and kinetic energy is called
    internal energy (U). Internal energy is a\u00a0state property (only elementary ideas)
    whereas, heat is not; first law is a\u00a0statement of conservation of energy,
    when, in general, heat (Q) is transferred\u00a0to a body (system), internal energy (U) of\u00a0the system changes and some work W is\u00a0done by the system; then Q=\u2206U+W; also\u00a0W=\u222bpdV for working substance – an ideal\u00a0gas; explain the meaning of symbols\u00a0(with examples) and sign convention\u00a0carefully (as used in physics: Q>0 when\u00a0added to a system, \u2206U>0 when U\u00a0increases or temperature rises, and W>0\u00a0when work is done by the system).
    Special cases for Q=0 (adiabatic), \u2206U=0\u00a0(isothermal) and W=0 (isochoric).<\/p>

    (c) Isothermal and adiabatic changes in a perfect gas described in terms of PV graphs; PV = constant (Isothermal) and PV\u03b3 = constant (adiabatic); joule and calorie relation (derivation of\u00a0PV\u03b3<\/sup> = constant not required).
    Note that 1 cal = 4\u22c5186 J exactly and J\u00a0(so-called mechanical equivalent of heat)\u00a0should not be used in equations. In\u00a0equations, it is understood that each term\u00a0as well as the LHS and RHS are in the\u00a0same units; it could be all joules or all\u00a0calories.<\/p>

    (d) Derive an expression for work done in isothermal and adiabatic processes; principal and molar heat capacities; Cp<\/sub> and Cv<\/sub>; relation between Cp<\/sub> and Cv<\/sub> (Cp<\/sub> – Cv<\/sub> = R). Work done as area bounded by PV graph.\u00a0<\/p>

    (e) Second law of thermodynamics, Carnot’s cycle. Some practical applications. Only one statement each in terms of Kelvin\u2019s impossible steam engine and Clausius\u2019 impossible refrigerator. Brief explanation of the law. Reversible and irreversible processes, Heat engine; Carnot\u2019s cycle – describe realisation from source and sink of infinite thermal capacity, thermal insulation, etc. Explain using pV graph (isothermal process and adiabatic process) expression and numericals (without derivation) for efficiency \u03b7=1-T2<\/sub>\/T1<\/sub>., Refrigerator and heat pumps.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    THERMODYNAMICS<\/h4>

    (a) Thermodynamics (Introduction)<\/a><\/h6>
    (b) Isothermal-Adiabatic Process<\/a><\/h6>
    (c) Work in Thermodynamics<\/a><\/h6>
    (d) Work in Different Thermodynamic Processes<\/a><\/h6>
    (e) Indicator Diagram and Work<\/a><\/h6>

    (f) Three Different Forms of Energy<\/a><\/p>

    (g) First Law of Thermodynamics<\/a><\/p>

    (h) Numerical Problems on First Law of Thermodynamics<\/a><\/p>

    (i) Mayer’s Formula<\/a><\/p>

    (j) Poisson’s Equation (Optional)<\/a><\/p>

    (k) Heat Engine and Refrigerator<\/a><\/p>

    (l) Carnot’s Heat Engine<\/a><\/p>

    (m) Ideal Heat Engine<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Thermodynamics This chapter includes: Thermodynamics Isothermal & Adiabatic Process Heat Engine : Second Law of Thermodynamics ISC SYLLABUS – Thermodynamics Thermal equilibrium and definition of temperature (zeroth law of thermodynamics), heat, work and internal energy. First law of thermodynamics.\u00a0 Isothermal and adiabatic processes.\u00a0 Second law of thermodynamics: reversible and irreversible processes, Heat engine and refrigerator. … Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"folder":[42],"class_list":["post-8158","page","type-page","status-publish"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/physics.educour.in\/isc-physics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8158","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/physics.educour.in\/isc-physics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/physics.educour.in\/isc-physics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/physics.educour.in\/isc-physics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/physics.educour.in\/isc-physics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8158"}],"version-history":[{"count":34,"href":"https:\/\/physics.educour.in\/isc-physics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8158\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8193,"href":"https:\/\/physics.educour.in\/isc-physics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8158\/revisions\/8193"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/physics.educour.in\/isc-physics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8158"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"folder","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/physics.educour.in\/isc-physics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/folder?post=8158"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}