12 Lecture Notes

(Short Notes) 1. Electric field due to line charge (infinite length) The electric field at a distance r from a line charge (of Charge density λ) is . The direction is outward perpendicular to the line charge. The E ∝ (1/r) dependence is shown in fig. 2. Electric field due to a Uniformly Charged Cylinder … Read more

Gauss’ Law Area vector :  In many cases, it is convenient to treat area of a surface as a vector. The length of the vector represents the magnitude of the area and its direction is along the outward drawn normal to the surface. Mathematically “Electric flux through an elementary area is defined as the scalar … Read more

Electric field               The region or space around a given charge in which some other charge experience an electrostatic force on it , is called the electric field of the (given) charge.               Theoretically, the electric field of a given charge is extended … Read more

COULOMB’S LAW: Coulomb(1736-1806) measured the electrostatic force acting between two point charges and found that The electrostatic force between two point charges is directly proportional to the product of the magnitude of the two charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Or     ……………….. (1) Where k is a constant … Read more

Behaviour of Charges at Rest The branch of physics which deals with electric effect of static charge is called electrostatics. Electric Charge Electric charge is an intrinsic characteristics of the fundamental particles which when acquired by some body it gets electrified, i.e. Charge of a material body or particle is the property (acquired or natural) … Read more

Table of Contents SEMICONDUCTORS BAND THEORY OF SOLIDS INTRINSIC SEMICONDUCTORS EXTRINSIC SEMICONDUCTORS CONDUCTION OF CURRENT THROUGH A SEMICONDUCT p-n JUNCTION BIASING OF A p-n JUNCTION DIODE RECTIFIER LIGHT EMITTING DIODE (LED) PHOTODIODE SOLAR CELL SEMICONDUCTORS                      Those materials which acts as insulators at low temperature & … Read more

Contents Unpolarised Light Plane Polarised Light Polaroid Law of Malus Polaroid as Analyser Plarisation by Scattering Polarisation by Reflection (Brewster’s Law) A special case of Total Transmission Light waves are transverse in nature; i.e., the electric field associated with a propagating light wave is always at right angles to the direction of propagation of the … Read more