A pure (99.9%) Si & Ge crystal is known as intrinsic semiconductors. In a Si crystal, every Si atom shares its four valence electrons with 4 neighboring atoms and thereby forms 4 covalent bonds. So at low temperature, every valence electrons present in the crystal is in the bond. In the equivalent band theory, these … Read more
Light Emitting Diode or LED, is a heavily doped p-n junction which under forward bias emits spontaneous radiation. The diode is put inside a transparent cover so that emitted light can come out. Working of LED: When the diode is forward biased, electrons are sent from n →p (where they are minority carriers) and holes … Read more
Those materials which acts as insulators at low temperature & behave as conductors at room temperature or at higher temperature, are known as semiconductor. Semiconductors could be: (i) Elemental semiconductors: Si and Ge (ii) Compound semiconductors: Examples are: • Inorganic: CdS, GaAs, CdSe, InP, etc. … Read more
TOPICS COVERED Carnot’s Heat engine Parts of Carnot’s engine (a)Cylinder-piston with ideal gas (b)Hot Reservoir (c) Cold Reservoir. The processes involved in Carnot’s Heat Engine. (a) Isothermal Expansion (b) Adiabatic Expansion (c) Isothermal compression (b) Adiabatic compression. Efficiency of Carnot’s Heat engine. Second Law of Thermodynamics. Class Notes
TOPICS COVERED Specific Heat Capacity Molar Specific Heat Capacity Two Molar Specific Heat Capacity of Gases Mayer’s Formula. Class Notes
TOPICS COVERED Reversible Process Irreversible Process Heat Engine Parts of Heat Engine Efficiency of Heat Engine Refrigerator or Heat Pump Coefficient of Performance. Class Notes
