{"id":1215,"date":"2022-04-06T17:55:58","date_gmt":"2022-04-06T17:55:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/physics.educour.in\/cbse-physics\/?p=1215"},"modified":"2022-04-06T17:57:42","modified_gmt":"2022-04-06T17:57:42","slug":"electrostatics-introduction","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/physics.educour.in\/cbse-physics\/electrostatics-introduction\/","title":{"rendered":"Electrostatics Introduction"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"1215\" class=\"elementor elementor-1215\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-794e0ef elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"794e0ef\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-50c8e30\" data-id=\"50c8e30\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ca4fa3c\" data-id=\"ca4fa3c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-85e3683 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"85e3683\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.6.8 - 27-07-2022 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#818a91;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#818a91;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<h1><span style=\"color: #000080;\">Behaviour of Charges at Rest<\/span><\/h1>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0a2fdf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0a2fdf\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-f6bfb78\" data-id=\"f6bfb78\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59bbe43 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"59bbe43\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">The branch of physics which deals with electric effect of static charge is called electrostatics.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-be16462 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"be16462\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3><span style=\"color: #000080;\">Electric Charge<\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ab5ef5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4ab5ef5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Electric charge is an intrinsic characteristics of the fundamental particles which when acquired by some body it gets electrified, i.e. Charge of a material body or particle is the property (acquired or natural) due to which it produces and experiences electrical and magnetic effects. Some of naturally charged particles are electron, proton, a-particle etc.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aecddcb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"aecddcb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Only two types of charge has been discovered :<\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">1.Positive charge that is present on the proton .<\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">2. Negetive charge present on the electrons .<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-64ab350 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"64ab350\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3><span style=\"color: #000080;\">Methods of Charging of a Body<\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-8c93f68 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8c93f68\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-4a0a6b4\" data-id=\"4a0a6b4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b5a070e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b5a070e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>1.Charging by friction (frictional electricity):<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d6122e5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d6122e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">The cause of charging in this case is due to the transfer of electrons from a material whose work function is lower to the material whose work function is higher.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2016388 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2016388\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><img style=\"background-color: transparent; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\" 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\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bbfc009 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bbfc009\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>2.Charging by induction:<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-d3d8be9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d3d8be9\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a0eb0a\" data-id=\"3a0eb0a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5585697 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5585697\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Charging a body by putting it close to another oppositely charged body (without bringing any actual contact).The positive charge is gained by the body due to transfer of electrons from the body to earth and negetive charge is due to the gain of electrons .If the body is made of an insulating material, instead of metal, the of method of producing a net charge by induction does not work, because very little charge can actually flow from the insulating material to the ground.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e29fe91 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e29fe91\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<img style=\"background-color: transparent; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,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\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-7a2fc79 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7a2fc79\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-f0cf30d\" data-id=\"f0cf30d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-76ce1bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"76ce1bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>3.Charging by Contact (conduction):<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63895dc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"63895dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">When an uncharged body is brought in contact with another charged body ,it (the former) acquires the charge due to the transfer of electron from one body to another.Charge is not equally distributed. It is distributed directly proportional to the capacitance of the bodies in contact.<\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Thus a net charge is generated on a body only when the body either looses or gains electrons.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-8cdc193 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8cdc193\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-d7684c7\" data-id=\"d7684c7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-02c270b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"02c270b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><img 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alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-bb776ad\" data-id=\"bb776ad\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-569df9d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"569df9d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><img 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alt=\"\"><\/p>\n<gwmw style=\"display:none;\"><\/gwmw>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-21a6e19 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"21a6e19\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-7e61701\" data-id=\"7e61701\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-75b19a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"75b19a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>4. Charging by Thermionic emission:<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eed487c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"eed487c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">When the metal is heated at a high temperature then some electrons of metals are ejected. The metal gets positively charged.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-3ee9494\" data-id=\"3ee9494\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-915ada8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"915ada8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><img style=\"background-color: transparent; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\" 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alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-36c9b73 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"36c9b73\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-e64e1a8\" data-id=\"e64e1a8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0247e3a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0247e3a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #000080;\"><strong>5. Charging by Photoelectric effect :<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db5e4ee elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"db5e4ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">When light of sufficiently high frequency is incident on metal surface then some electrons come out and metal gets positively charged.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-c4b2307\" data-id=\"c4b2307\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4075f8b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4075f8b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><img style=\"background-color: transparent; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\" 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\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-1552092 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1552092\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-29cd92f\" data-id=\"29cd92f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-01899a7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"01899a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>6. Charging by Field emission :<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e6b4119 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e6b4119\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">When electric field of large magnitude is applied near the metal surface then some electrons come out from the metal surface and hence the metal gets positively charged.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-a186388\" data-id=\"a186388\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59bb683 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"59bb683\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><img style=\"background-color: transparent; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,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alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c9f0dc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c9f0dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>Finally, what conclusion we derive from these charging methods?<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f5dbfd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f5dbfd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #ff6600;\"><strong><em>&#8220;Charge is generated on a body, only because to the transfer of electrons from one body to another&#8221;.<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-6ddced0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6ddced0\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-ed42cee\" data-id=\"ed42cee\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c9b241 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8c9b241\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">What is Charge? &#8211; Video Lecture<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d1524f elementor-aspect-ratio-169 elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"1d1524f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;vimeo&quot;,&quot;aspect_ratio&quot;:&quot;169&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.6.8 - 27-07-2022 *\/\n.elementor-widget-video .elementor-widget-container{overflow:hidden;-webkit-transform:translateZ(0);transform:translateZ(0)}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-open-inline .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;background-size:cover;background-position:50%}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay{cursor:pointer;text-align:center}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay:hover .elementor-custom-embed-play i{opacity:1}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay img{display:block;width:100%}.elementor-widget-video .e-hosted-video .elementor-video{-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-wrapper elementor-fit-aspect-ratio elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t<iframe class=\"elementor-video-iframe\" allowfullscreen title=\"vimeo Video Player\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/543894456?color&amp;autopause=0&amp;loop=0&amp;muted=0&amp;title=0&amp;portrait=0&amp;byline=0#t=\"><\/iframe>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-552a5d8\" data-id=\"552a5d8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dd3a632 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dd3a632\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Fundamental Properties of Charge &#8211; Video<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8edafa0 elementor-aspect-ratio-169 elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"8edafa0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;vimeo&quot;,&quot;aspect_ratio&quot;:&quot;169&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-wrapper elementor-fit-aspect-ratio elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t<iframe class=\"elementor-video-iframe\" allowfullscreen title=\"vimeo Video Player\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/543896249?color&amp;autopause=0&amp;loop=0&amp;muted=0&amp;title=0&amp;portrait=0&amp;byline=0#t=\"><\/iframe>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-67fbac6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"67fbac6\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-c6a1305\" data-id=\"c6a1305\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9993ce7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9993ce7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><span style=\"color: #000080;\">Fundamentals Properties of Charge<\/span><\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77f4dc5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"77f4dc5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>1.Charge is transferable :<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eb5eb20 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"eb5eb20\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Charging a body implies transfer of charge (electrons) from one body to another. Positively charged body means loss of electrons, i.e., deficiency of electrons. Negatively charged body means excess of electrons. This also shows that mass of a negatively charged body is more than mass of a positively charged identical body.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-430961b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"430961b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>2.Charge is always associated with mass<\/strong> :<\/span><\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f5819eb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f5819eb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Charge can not exist without mass though mass can exist without charge. The particle such as photon or neutrino which have no (rest) mass can never have a charge. As charge can not exist without mass, the presence of charge itself is a convincing proof of existence of mass.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-87b0106 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"87b0106\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>3. Principle of Quantisation of charge :<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c2ea0f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0c2ea0f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Net amount of charge present on a body is integral multiple of electronic charge.<\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">i.e.\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <strong>\u00a0q = n e<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">where n =\u00b1 1, \u00b12, \u00b13, \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026 and e = 1.6 \u00d7 10<sup>-19<\/sup> C<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eb3456c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"eb3456c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">(Millikan\u2019s oil drop experiment proved the quantization of charge)<\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Note :<\/strong> Recently, the existence of particles of charge -e\/3(down quark) and +2e\/3 (up quark) has been postulated. These particles are called quarks, but still this is not considered as the quantum of charge because these are unstable (They have very short span of life).<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5535596 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5535596\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>4. Principle of Conservation of Charge:<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d32568d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d32568d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">The total amount of charge present in an isolated system remains constant.<\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">( The charge may however be transformed from one part of the system to another.)<\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">For example in case of alpha decay:<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><sub>92<\/sub>U<sup>238<\/sup> \u2192<sub> 90<\/sub>TH<sup>234<\/sup>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 + <sub>2<\/sub>He<sup>4<\/sup> (Process of alpha decay)<\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">[Q = 92e] \u2192 [Q<sub>1<\/sub> = 90e] + [Q<sup>2<\/sup> = 2e]<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54331ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"54331ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>5. Aditivity of Charges:<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e81ebad elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e81ebad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">The total charge on a body is the algebraic sum of all the charges located any where on the body.<\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">i.e. while taking the sum of the charges ,their signs (\u00b1)must be taken into account. This is because Charge is a scalar quantity.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e3365eb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e3365eb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">* Like point charges repel each other while unlike point charges attract each other.<\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">* A charged body may attract a neutral body or an oppositely charged body but it always repels a similarly charged body.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7eab32e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7eab32e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Note : Repulsion is a sure test of electrification whereas attraction may not be.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-17c7971 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"17c7971\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-64c2961\" data-id=\"64c2961\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b3d7bd8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b3d7bd8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6 style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/physics.educour.in\/coulombs-law\/\">Next Page \u2192<\/a><\/h6>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a59c7ae\" data-id=\"a59c7ae\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Behaviour of Charges at Rest The branch of physics which deals with electric effect of static charge is called electrostatics. Electric Charge Electric charge is an intrinsic characteristics of the fundamental particles which when acquired by some body it gets electrified, i.e. Charge of a material body or particle is the property (acquired or natural) &#8230; <a title=\"Electrostatics Introduction\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/physics.educour.in\/cbse-physics\/electrostatics-introduction\/\" aria-label=\"More on Electrostatics Introduction\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"post_folder":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/physics.educour.in\/cbse-physics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1215"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/physics.educour.in\/cbse-physics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/physics.educour.in\/cbse-physics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/physics.educour.in\/cbse-physics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/physics.educour.in\/cbse-physics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1215"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/physics.educour.in\/cbse-physics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1215\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1219,"href":"https:\/\/physics.educour.in\/cbse-physics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1215\/revisions\/1219"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/physics.educour.in\/cbse-physics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1215"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/physics.educour.in\/cbse-physics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1215"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/physics.educour.in\/cbse-physics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1215"},{"taxonomy":"post_folder","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/physics.educour.in\/cbse-physics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/post_folder?post=1215"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}